Introduction to Unix CLI: Difference between revisions
m →mkdir |
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| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
… | … | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
===pwd=== | ===pwd=== | ||
''pwd'' prints the full name of the current working directory. | ''pwd'' prints the full name of the current working directory. | ||
| Line 37: | Line 38: | ||
/tmp/test/course2015 | /tmp/test/course2015 | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
===cd=== | ===cd=== | ||
''cd'' changes the current working directory to the specified directory name. If no directory is specified than ''cd'' changes current working directory to users home directory. | ''cd'' changes the current working directory to the specified directory name. If no directory is specified than ''cd'' changes current working directory to users home directory. | ||
''cd'' supports relative and absolute paths. Additionally shortcuts like ''~'' (points to user's home directory). | |||
<pre>$ pwd | <pre>$ pwd | ||
/tmp/test/course2015 | /tmp/test/course2015 | ||
| Line 50: | Line 53: | ||
$ pwd | $ pwd | ||
/home/lorand/bin | /home/lorand/bin | ||
$ # Change back to previous directory | |||
$ cd - | |||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
===mkdir=== | ===mkdir=== | ||
''mkdir'' command creates | ''mkdir'' command creates directories if they do not exist. | ||
<pre>$ mkdir build | <pre>$ mkdir build | ||
$ # Create a whole directory structure | $ # Create a whole directory structure | ||
| Line 58: | Line 64: | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
===ls=== | |||
''ls'' command lists content of the current or the specified directory. | |||
One of the most used options for ''ls'' is "-l", which will generate a long list format. "-a" will list all files and folders, even hidden ones.<br /> | |||
'''NB:''' Files, directories starting with "." character are treated as hidden files. | |||
<pre> | |||
$ ls | |||
GConf libegroupwise-1.2.so.13 libospf.so.0.0.0 | |||
ImageMagick-6.4.3 libegroupwise-1.2.so.13.0.1 libossp-uuid.so.16 | |||
Mcrt1.o libelf-0.152.so libossp-uuid.so.16.0.22 | |||
PackageKitDbusTest.py libelf.so.0 libp11.so.1 | |||
… | |||
$ ls -l | |||
total 806992 | |||
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 11 2012 GConf | |||
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 18 2014 ImageMagick-6.4.3 | |||
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1358 Oct 8 20:07 Mcrt1.o | |||
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3383 May 29 2013 PackageKitDbusTest.py | |||
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4267 Oct 8 20:07 Scrt1.o | |||
… | |||
</pre> | |||
{{expand}} | {{expand}} | ||
[[Category:Hexagon]] | [[Category:Hexagon]] | ||
[[Category:Fimm]] | [[Category:Fimm]] | ||
Revision as of 13:44, 26 October 2015
What is Unix CLI?
Unix CLI is actually the shell, a text interface to the operating system. Shell interprets and executes your commands and their arguments by passing them to the operating system.
There are different shell variants, like bash, csh, ksh, sh, tcsh, etc., probably the most popular being bash. The name “bash” is an acronym for “Bourne Again SHell” and is an enhanced replacement for sh. In this short introductory we are going to cover bash.
Bash
Bash is an interactive and scriptable shell. Supports name expansion, wildcards and typing shortcuts.
Note: Interaction with bash is case-sensitive just like everything in Unix system.
Some useful shortcuts:
TAB, UP, DOWN, Ctrl+R, Esc+.
Popular commands
man
man is the system's manual pager. It is an interface to on-line manuals. man has it's own manual pager.
$ # Show default man page for top command $ man sleep $ # Show all manual pages for top command, successively $ man -a sleep
Whenever you are uncertain what a command does, what options and argument can be passed to, man is your friend.
apropos
apropos searches the manual page names and descriptions for the specified keyword.
$ apropos shell bash (1) - GNU Bourne-Again SHell bash [sh] (1) - GNU Bourne-Again SHell capsh (1) - capability shell wrapper chroot (1) - run command or interactive shell with special root directory chsh (1) - change your login shell …
pwd
pwd prints the full name of the current working directory.
$ pwd /tmp/test/course2015
cd
cd changes the current working directory to the specified directory name. If no directory is specified than cd changes current working directory to users home directory. cd supports relative and absolute paths. Additionally shortcuts like ~ (points to user's home directory).
$ pwd /tmp/test/course2015 $ cd bin $ pwd /tmp/test/course2015/bin $ cd ../../src $ pwd /tmp/test/src $ cd ~/bin $ pwd /home/lorand/bin $ # Change back to previous directory $ cd -
mkdir
mkdir command creates directories if they do not exist.
$ mkdir build $ # Create a whole directory structure $ mkdir -p ~/build/wrf/3.7
ls
ls command lists content of the current or the specified directory.
One of the most used options for ls is "-l", which will generate a long list format. "-a" will list all files and folders, even hidden ones.
NB: Files, directories starting with "." character are treated as hidden files.
$ ls GConf libegroupwise-1.2.so.13 libospf.so.0.0.0 ImageMagick-6.4.3 libegroupwise-1.2.so.13.0.1 libossp-uuid.so.16 Mcrt1.o libelf-0.152.so libossp-uuid.so.16.0.22 PackageKitDbusTest.py libelf.so.0 libp11.so.1 … $ ls -l total 806992 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 11 2012 GConf drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 18 2014 ImageMagick-6.4.3 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1358 Oct 8 20:07 Mcrt1.o -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3383 May 29 2013 PackageKitDbusTest.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4267 Oct 8 20:07 Scrt1.o …
